On 5 June 2025, the Canadian government introduced a historic piece of legislation that, if passed, could therefore transform how citizenship is passed on to future generations. Specifically, Bill C-3, An Act to Amend the Citizenship Act (2025), was presented by Lena Metlege Diab, Minister of Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship. Moreover, the proposed changes aim to create a more inclusive system that, in turn, better reflects the realities of Canadian families living abroad.
The Current Law: The First-Generation Limit
At present, Canadian citizens born outside Canada can only transfer citizenship to their children born in Canada. This so called “first-generation limit,” which came into force in 2009, prevents many Canadians who acquired citizenship by descent from passing it on to children born or adopted abroad. According to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), this restriction no longer aligns with Canada’s values or the diverse experiences of modern Canadian families.
What Bill C-3 Proposes
In response to these long standing concerns, Bill C-3 proposes the following amendments:
-
Automatic Citizenship for Affected Individuals
Individuals who would already be citizens if not for the first-generation limit will automatically gain citizenship.
-
New Framework for Citizenship by Descent
Canadian parents born abroad may pass citizenship to their children born or adopted overseas, provided they demonstrate a substantial connection to Canada. This requirement is defined as at least 1,095 cumulative days (approximately three years) of physical presence in Canada before the child’s birth or adoption.
Why This Change Matters
Importantly, these changes recognise that Canadian identity is about more than just place of birth. It encompasses shared experiences and a commitment to Canada’s inclusive and diverse community. As IRCC emphasises, citizenship plays a vital role in national identity, helping newcomers integrate while strengthening social cohesion.
What Happens Next?
If Bill C-3 passes both parliamentary houses and receives Royal Assent, the amendments will come into effect. In preparation, IRCC has pledged to offer comprehensive guidance, resources, and updates on its website. This support will help affected individuals and families understand how the changes apply to their circumstances.
Ultimately, Bill C-3 marks a significant step forward in modernising Canadian citizenship law. By extending citizenship by descent beyond the first generation, the legislation demonstrates Canada’s dedication to inclusivity.
How 360 Business Law Can Help
At 360 Business Law, we closely monitor legal developments across the globe. Including major changes like Canada’s Bill C-3. For businesses and individuals navigating international legal frameworks, our expert team offers practical advice and tailored legal solutions. Whether you’re expanding overseas, managing cross border employment, or addressing complex citizenship matters. 360 Business Law provides the guidance you need to stay compliant and secure.